Kerangka Pemikiran Intelektual Islam Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II di Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam (1803–1821)

Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas kerangka pemikiran intelektual Islam Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II (1803–1821) di Kesultanan Palembang Darussalam, sebuah kerajaan Islam yang berkembang pesat di wilayah Sumatera Selatan. Fokus kajian ini adalah eksplorasi gagasan, kebijakan, dan kontribusi Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II dalam mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai Islam kedalam pendidikan, hukum syariah, dan jaringan ulama di kesultanan Palembang

Melalui pendekatan historis dan analisis tekstual, studi ini mengungkap bagaimana Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II terinspirasi oleh tradisi intelektual Islam, baik lokal maupun global, termasuk pengaruh tasawuf dan hukum Islam (syariah). Upaya beliau dalam mempromosikan pendidikan agama, mendukung para ulama, serta menjadikan Kesultanan Palembang sebagai pusat keilmuan Islam menunjukkan peran strategisnya dalam memperkuat identitas keislaman masyarakat.

Penelitian ini juga menyoroti dinamika politik internal dan eksternal yang memengaruhi penerapan pemikiran Islam Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II, termasuk interaksinya dengan kolonialisme Belanda. Hasil kajian ini memberikan kontribusi signifikan terhadap pemahaman tentang peran pemimpin Muslim dalam membangun tradisi intelektual Islam di Nusantara pada abad ke-19.

This study discusses the intellectual thought framework of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II (1803–1821) in the Palembang Darussalam Sultanate, a rapidly developing Islamic kingdom in the South Sumatra region. The focus of this study is the exploration of the ideas, policies, and contributions of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II in integrating Islamic values into education, sharia law, and the network of ulama in the Palembang Sultanate. Through a historical approach and textual analysis, this study reveals how Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II was inspired by Islamic intellectual traditions, both local and global, including the influence of Sufism and Islamic law (sharia). His efforts in promoting religious education, supporting ulama, and making the Palembang Sultanate a center of Islamic knowledge demonstrate his strategic role in strengthening the Islamic identity of the community. This study also highlights the internal and external political dynamics that influenced the implementation of Sultan Mahmud Badaruddin II's Islamic thought, including his interactions with Dutch colonialism. The results of this study provide a significant contribution to the understanding of the role of Muslim leaders in building the Islamic intellectual tradition in the archipelago in the 19th century.

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